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Some Interesting Abstracts
Here are some research
abstracts that didn't make the first edition of
The Bidet, but are interesting
nevertheless.
World J Urol. 1999
Jun;17(3):145-50 Some historical aspects of
urinals and urine receptacles. Mattelaer JJ.
Department of Urology, CAZK Groeninghe,
Kortrijk, Belgium
In the history of mankind the first receptacles
for urine were made and employed for diagnostic
purposes and developed over centuries to a
sophisticated matula. In ancient Greek and
Roman history, chamber pots existed and urine
was collected to bleach sheets, but it was only
in the late medieval and renaissance times that
a real urine receptacle or urinal for daily use
was developed. We give a short description of
the materials used, including clay, pewter,
copper, and silver, but more sophisticated
receptacles made of china, such as the
bourdaloue, and of glass, such as the Kuttrolf,
were also developed for use during long church
ceremonies. Less known are the wooden "pipes"
from Turkestan, used to keep babies dry. In the
long history of mankind, urinals sometimes
became very original objects.
Gesundheitswesen. 1992
Aug;54(8):410-6 [Construction hygiene in the
area of bathing and recreation] [Article in
German] Sonntag HG
Abteilung Hygiene und Medizinische
Mikrobiologie-Hygiene-Institut, Universitat
Heidelberg
Construction hygiene in the bathing and
recreation areas underwent many changes during
the decades. In each case it was accomplished
very intensively and defined by the actual
needs of the population or by those responsible
for the population. With regard to the
development of bathing since the Romans, the
bathing habits of the Roman times, during the
Middle Ages, at the 18th century, at the
beginning of the 19th century and of today are
characterized broadly. The respective
constructional as well as the hygienic measures
are also shown and discussed in this context.
Whereas the Roman thermals created
prerequisites for physical activity as well as
possibilities for spare time, and in the early
Middle Ages, sexual excesses and the risk
factors connected thereby led to the transfer
of infectious diseases and consequently to the
elimination of the public baths. At the
beginning of the 18th century first the
cleaning of the body and at the beginning of
the 20th century physical activity became very
important. With the help of the construction
plans for baths and shower-baths and swimming
pools of 1906 the aims and purposes of the
baths are discussed and the respective
constructional changes are shown the example of
warm water baths (swimming pools) in
Hamburg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Med Eng Phys. 1996 Sep;18(6):515-8. The
development of the Port-a-Bidet: a portable
bidet for people with minimal hand function
Burkitt J, Martin G, Kay GH, Torrens GE,
Chapman C, Sandbach D Brunel Institute for
Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge,
Middlesex, UK
Our Institute has investigated the expressed
needs of many severely disabled people. One
requirement was for a portable bidet that would
fit on a standard toilet, so that they could
still have some of the advantages of their
automatic washing/drying/flushing toilet when
away from their own house. Potential users were
consulted, from the specification stage through
to final production model testing, to ensure
that the desired device was produced. The
Port-a-Bidet is a lightweight device, with its
own water container, spray unit, pump and power
supply. It allows a user with very weak arms to
wash themselves with warm water, and a
hands-free drying method is explained in the
instruction booklet. The whole unit is
transported in a discreet carrying bag, and can
easily be set up by an unskilled person. The
Port-a-Bidet can be controlled by commercially
available single switch activators, so that any
user can operate it
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2002 Jul-Aug;3(4):215-23
Time and economic cost of constipation care in
nursing homes Frank L, Schmier J, Kleinman L,
Siddique R, Beck C, Schnelle J, Rothman M
MEDTAP International, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
20814, USA. Frank@MEDTAP.com
OBJECTIVE: Chronic constipation is a common
disorder among residents in long-term care; yet
the cost to the nursing home of
constipation-related care is not known. The
objective of this study was to quantify the
nursing staff and supply-related cost of
constipation care to nursing homes from the
perspective of the nursing home. DESIGN:
Prospective, observational time-and-motion
design. SETTING: Two United States nursing
homes. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 59 nursing home
residents with chronic constipation and nursing
staff providing constipation care to them.
MEASUREMENTS: Actual time to complete
constipation care-related tasks was measured
via stopwatch by trained observers, and the
number and professional level (eg, staff nurse,
CNA) of staff performing each task was
recorded. Frequency of constipation care task
data was obtained through 60-day retrospective
medical chart review for each subject. Nurse
wage rate data was obtained from the Nursing
Home Salary and Benefits Report, a US-based
national source. Resident and nursing home
descriptive information was also collected.
RESULTS: The average cost per task occurrence
ranged from 0.72 US dollars for enema
administration to 1.74 US dollars for oral
medication administration. Average nursing
staff costs per subject per year were 1577 US
dollars for oral medication administration, 215
US dollars for dietary supplement
administration, 39 US dollars for constipation
assessment, 17 US dollars for suppository
administration, and 6 US dollars for enema
administration. Based on estimates of frequency
of occurrence, the total annual labor and
supply cost per long-term care resident with
constipation was 2253 US dollars. CONCLUSION:
Nursing staff performance of constipation
care-related tasks is time consuming and costly
in the long-term care setting.
J Gerontol Nurs. 1990 Jul;16(7):4-11
Prescribe with care. The role of laxatives in
the treatment of constipation Yakabowich
M
The use of laxatives is widespread throughout
North American hospitals and long-term care
facilities. Although constipation is a frequent
complaint among the elderly, the use of
laxatives is not always warranted; increases in
physical activity, fluid intake, and dietary
fiber may be sufficient to control
constipation. The occasional use of a laxative
is not harmful, but the daily use of these
drugs for achieving a bowel movement may be
detrimental to the resident because of the side
effects they can produce and drug interactions
that can occur with other medications.
Potential solutions to the overuse of laxative
agents include the use of dietary bran; less
regular administration of stimulant and osmotic
agents; more regular administration of
bulk-forming laxatives and stool softeners; an
increase in the awareness of normal
gastrointestinal physiology; and the role of
non-drug factors.
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Copyright 2008, William Bruneau
Water cleansing is healthier for your
body and more comfortable than wiping to get
clean
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